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Seasonal influenza is characterized by a sudden fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat and runny nose. Most people recover from fever and 1 symptoms within a week without requiring medical attention. But influenza can 2 severe illness or death in people at high risk. The time from infection to illness is about two days.
Yearly influenza epidemics can 3 affect all age groups, but the highest risk of complications occur among children younger than age two, adults age 65 or older, and people of 4 age with certain medical conditions, such as chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver, blood or metabolic diseases, or weakened immune systems.
Seasonal influenza 5 easily and can sweep through schools, nursing homes or businesses and towns. When an 6 person coughs, infected droplets get into the air and another person can breathe them 7 and be exposed. The virus can also be spread by hands infected with the virus. 8 transmission, people should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing, and 9 their hands regularly.
Drugs for influenza are 10 in some countries and effectively prevent and treat the illness. Some influenza viruses develop 11 to the antiviral medicines, limiting the effectiveness of treatment.
Influenza epidemics occur 12 during autumn and winter in temperate regions. Illnesses result in hospitalizations and deaths mainly among high-risk groups. Worldwide, these annual epidemics result in about three to five million 13 of severe illness, and about 250 000 to 500 000 deaths.
Influenza can cause serious public health and economic problems. In 14 countries, epidemics can result in high levels of worker absenteeism and productivity 15 . 16 most people recover from a bout(轮) of influenza, there are large numbers of people who need hospital treatment and many 17 die from the disease every year. 18 is known about the effects of influenza epidemics in developing countries.
The most 19 way to prevent the disease or severe outcomes from the illness is vaccination. Vaccination is especially important for people at higher risk of serious influenza complications, and for people who live with or care 20 high risk individuals.
( ) 1. A. its B. it’s C. all D. other
( ) 2. A. cause B. lead C. result D. bring
( ) 3. A. lightly B. slightly C. seriously D. heavily
( ) 4. A. all B. any C. no D. both
( ) 5. A. goes B. spreads C. comes D. happens
( ) 6. A. to infect B. infecting C. infected D. infect
( ) 7. A. off B. away C. out D. in
( ) 8. A. To prevent B. To protect C. To prepare D. To prefect
( ) 9. A. wash B. washing C. to wash D. washed
( ) 10. A. free B. available C. useful D. helpful
( ) 11. A. assistance B. resistance C. consistence D. preference
( ) 12. A. monthly B. weekly C. daily D. yearly
( ) 13. A. pieces B. states C. conditions D. cases
( ) 14. A. developed B. developing C. big D. small
( ) 15. A. lose B. losses C. loose D. lost
( ) 16. A. For B. Because C. While D. Whether
( ) 17. A. / B. which C. do D. who
( ) 18. A. Little B. Much C. Few D. Lot
( ) 19. A. affective B. effective C. attractive D. aggressive
( ) 20. A. about B. of C. for D. to 参考答案: 1-20 DACBB CDAAB BDDAB CDABC本文主要论述的季节流行性感冒基本知识:症状,感染人群,传播方式,治疗和疫苗。做题时应该根据日常生活中对流感的基本常识,来确定答案。
1. D 根据前一句说的流感的特点,其中就有“fever”,“发烧”只是患流行感冒的一个症状,此空是说还有“别的”症状,AC项分别表示“它的”“所有的”,B项是it is或者it was或者it has的缩写,故此空填“other”:别的。
2. A 有上下文两句的句意:大多数人在一个周之内无需药物治疗就可以从流感中恢复健康,但是(语意发生了转折)流感也能导致严重病变或者有高的致死风险。此题中的lead, result, bring只有分别带上to, in,和about之后才能表示“导致”之意。
3. C 词句的语意是:虽然季节流感可能会严重影响各个年龄群体的人,但是高风险的复杂病情常常出现在两岁以下的婴幼儿,65岁以上的老年人或者任何年龄层的患有某种病症的人身上。从倒数第二段和倒数第三段中,我们得知:流行感冒导致病人住院治疗,大约三到五百万人严重患病,还大量病人死亡,再者也导致了公共健康问题和经济问题。故这儿用“seriously”:严重地。
4. B 考查形容词的词义和在文中的意思。有上一题的分析,此空表示“任何”年龄层的人的意思。All表示“所有”。这样一来age得用复数。Both表示“两者都”,no表示“没有”,ACD项明显都不合适。故用“any”:任何。
5. B 这儿考查是动词词义的辨析。流行感冒是一种传染病,容易传播,叙述的是流行感冒所具有的容易传播的特点,故用“传播”spreads.最容易让学生上当的是AD两项。Go往往用来表示“进行”;happen表示“偶然发生”;come表是“来”,故B项最合适。
6.C 此处考查的是非谓语动词的含义和用法。此段落论述的是流行感冒的传播,有常识我们知道:已经感染的人咳嗽、打喷嚏之后,感染的颗粒就进入到了空气里。此处填过去分词infected,意思就是:感染过的,受感染的。
7. D 由上一句的解释可知:感染的颗粒就进入到了空气里,另外的人把它呼“进”去,就容易感染流行感冒。这四个副词当中只有in表示“进去”,off和away表示“远离”,out表示“向外”。故用D项。
8. A 这一句的语境是:为了防止传染,人们咳嗽的时候应该用纸巾盖着嘴和鼻子,并且经常洗手。此处用不定式表示目的。BCD项分别依次表示:为了保护……,为了准备……,为了完善……,语境和语言逻辑方面显得都不合适。故选择A项。
9. A 根据上一题的解释,结合该词所咋的句子的结构:people是这一句的主语,cover和wash是这一句的谓语动词。所以选择A项。
10. B 有这一句的语境:在一些国家有针对流行感冒的药可以使用,并且能够有效地预防和治疗这种流行病。A项free 是“空闲的,空余的”,CD两项useful是“有用的”,helpful是“有帮助的”逻辑上不搭配。故选择B项。
11. B 此题有一定得的难度,就看平时记单词的准确性和牢固性。Assistance:帮助,resistance: 抵抗,consistence:稳定,结实,preference:偏爱,偏好。语境是:有些流行感冒病毒具有抗药性,结果限制了治疗的有效性。故选择B项。
12. D 有常识我们知道流行感冒有季节性,但这四个词中就数D项合适了。意思是:每年的秋冬季节一些温带地区发生流行感冒。
13. D 有这一句的语境:每年这种流行病导致全世界三到五百万的严重病例,还有大量的病人死亡。这四个词中只有cases意思是“病例”。
14. A 此题考查上下文之间的逻辑照应。这一段从两个方面来论述流行感冒所引起的问题。一是,在发达国家,二是在发展中国家。做此题时,学生应该根据这一段下文最后一句中的developing来确定。BCD项的意思分别是:发展中的,大的,小的,它们所表示的意思与句意跟逻辑都不对应,故A项最合适。
15. B 此题考查的是单词的词义及词性。此处需要的是名词,因为losses和absenteeism两词都做介词of的宾语,故是名词,而lose,“失去”,是动词;loose,“松散的”,是形容词;lost,“迷失的”,是形容词。Loss是名词,意思是:损失。故B项合适。
16. C 此题考查对连词的逻辑关系的理解。语境是:虽然大多数人经过一轮的流行感冒之后恢复正常,但是每年都有很多人需要住院治疗,也有很多人死于这种疾病。故用C项,while此时是“虽然”之意。
17. D 此题表面上是考查定语从句的,而实质上也考查句子结构。此句的主干结构是:there are large numbers of people…… and many…… every year., 而who need hospital treatment和 die from the disease都是定语从句,先行词都是people,只不过many是代词,代指many people,第二个定语从句有缺少主语,故用D项。
18. A 此题的解题关键在于对整段逻辑关系的梳理。前文说:流行感冒在发达国家造成了很多损失,这儿是拿流行感冒在发达国家造成的影响与在发展中国家相比较,因此,合乎逻辑的表达就是:然而流行感冒在发展中国家造成的影响,人们知之甚少。故用A项
19. B 此题的语境是:预防这种疾病和它带来的严重后果的有效方法是注射疫苗。此处应是形容词修饰名词way。affective:adj.感动的,感情的;effective: adj. 有效的,有影响的;attractive:诱人的;aggressive:有进取心的,语意上不符合逻辑。故用B项。
20. C 此题考查的动词短语的意思。care about: 介意,关心; care for:喜欢,照顾。故用C项。

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