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but palaces where they had lived were kept as museums.1917年的俄国革命使俄国沙皇结束了他们在这个城市的统治,他们所生活过的皇宫却当作博物馆保留下来。
[问]where在句中是什么成分?
[答]这是一个由关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词起副词的作用。The places 由定语从句where they had lived修饰,由于关系词在定语从句中作状语,=in the places,要用where。
例如:This is the place where he works。(关系词作状语)
注意比较:This is the place which we visited。(关系词作宾语)

7It was under attack for 900 days, but the people of the city never gave in.他们攻打了900多个日日夜夜,但圣彼得堡人却从没有屈服。
[问]本句中under是什么意思?
[答]under在本句中为“在……中;在……过程中”(表示特殊状态)指(受着压迫,苦痛,刑罚,手术,影响等)。
例如:The Chinese people are no longer under oppression.
中国人民不再受压迫。
词语辨析: under和below 表示位置“在……之下”的区别
① 垂直位置用under, 此外用below:
Now the bridge is under the plane. 现在这座桥处于飞机的正下方。
All the fields are below the plane.
② 贴近用under,非此用below:
Our school building has four storeys. The fourth floor is under the roof; the others are below the roof.
我们的教学楼有4层。4楼紧贴楼顶,其他3层在下。
名题精选:The water flows ____ the bridge.
A. under B. below C. across D. through
答案:A。表示水从桥下流过。
 
8The Germans burned many of the palaces as they left.德军离开时,烧毁了很多宫殿。
[问]请给我们讲讲as的用法?
[答]as,此处作连词:(表示时间)当……的时候
例如:I read the letter as I walked along the river.
词语辨析: when, while, as
when 当(在)……时: (=at the time that),可表示瞬间、时间段,与主句所述动作、事情可同时,也可有先后:
It was snowing when we got to the airport. 我们达到机场时,天正下着雪。(同时发生)
He went home when he had finished his homework. 做完作业后他回家了。(先后发生)
while 正当(正在)…….时;(指同时=①for as long as②during the time that),用于同时进行的两延续性动词相伴随而发生,常对同类的两动作进行对比:
Please write while I read.(=during the time that) 我念的时候,请写下来。
I am safe while I am here。 (=for as long as)只要我在这儿,我就安全。
Some students were reading while others were writing. 有些学生在读,而有些学生在写。(进行对比)
as 当……时候;强调at the same time,
① 不指先后,而指并相发生,尤指短动作或事件同时发生:
As I looked, some one came near. 正当我看的时候,有个人走上前来。
②as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况:
As I get older I get more optimistic. 我越活越乐观。
as, when或while可引导时间较长的“背景”情况:
As (When,或While)I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of Number 37. 我顺着马路往前走,发现37号门前停着一辆警车。
名题精选:I am going to the post office.
_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(99年)
A.As B.While C.Bcause D.If
答案:B。本题考查连词的用法。此处需要一个时间状语从句,排除C和D。A和B 都能引导时间状语从句,但有细微差别。As强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词动作同时发生;而while除表示同时性外,还含有“在某个动作正在进行或持续过程中发生另一个动作”的意思,故选B,表示“在are there”的过程中的某一时刻里发生“get”的动作。
 
9 Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statues lay in pieces on the ground.建筑遭到摧毁,油画和雕塑被烧成碎片,散落在地面上。
[问]请问lie有些什么意思?
[答]动词lie (lay-lain-lying)卧,躺;平放;位于;在……位置
例如:①The book is lying on the table. 那本书放在桌子上。
②Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国以东。
词语辨析:lie [lai](lay-lain-lying)卧,平放,躺
lie [lai](lied-lied-lying )说谎
lay [lei](laid-laid-laying )放,搁,产卵
例如:Lay the table. 摆桌子。
A turtle lays many eggs at once. 海龟一次能产很多蛋。
名题精选:Do you know the boy _____ under the big tree?(89年高考题)
A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
答案:D。“正躺在大树下”作定语,修饰boy。用“躺”的现在分词表示“主动”和“进行”的概念。

10 We will not let our history and culture be destroyed, and we will do everything we can to save our city.我们不会让我们的历史和文化被毁坏,并且我们将尽一切来拯救我们的城市。
[问]请问“do everything we can to save our city”是什么意思?
[答]句中的“do everything we can to save our city.”是一个很重要的句型,其结构为:do all(everything, what) sb. can(could) to do…,相当于do(try) one’s best to do,意为“尽某人之所能去做……”。
例如:we must do what we can to help the poor. 我们要尽力帮助穷人。


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