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成语励志故事英文版：草木皆兵
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian, king of the State of Qin, controlled northern China. In the year383, Fu Jian led 900,000 infantry and cavalry troops to assault the State of Jin which was south of the Yangtze River. Xie Shi and Xie Xuan, senior generals of the Jin army, led 80,000 troops to offer resistance. Knowing that the Jin army was short of men, Fu Jian wanted to seize this opportunity of being much more numerous in armed forces to stage a quick attack.
Unexpectedly, the van of Fu Jian"s army of 250,000 troops was defeated in the Shouchun area by an ingenious military move of the Jin army and suffered heavy losses. The senior general of the van of Fu Jian"s army was killed, and there were heavy casualties of more than 10,000 soldiers. Fu Jian"s army was dispirited and its morale was shaken. Many soldiers were in such a great panic that they waited for opportunities to run away. Standing on the city wall of the Shouchun City, Fu Jian and his brother Fu Rong saw that the ranks of the Jin army were in good order and that the morale of the Jin army was high. Turning to his brother, Fu Jian said, "What a powerful enemy this is! Why did people say that the Jin army was short of men?" He deeply regretted that he had taken the enemy too lightly.
Overshadowed by the disastrous defeat, Fu Jian ordered his troops to be deployed in battle formation on the north side of the Feishui River, in an attempt to regain the initiative by relying on the superior geographical conditions. Then Xie Shi and Xie Xuan, the senior generals of the Jin army, suggested that Fu Jian"s army retreat a little bit, leaving some space, so that the Jin army could cross the river to conduct ooperations. Fu Jian thought that his chance had come, believing that the senior generals of the Jin army did not have the elementary knowledge of warfare. It was his plan to stage a sudden attack while the troops of the Jin army was busy crossing the river, and he was sure that his plan would word. So he willingly accepted the suggestion of the Jin army.
Unexpectedly, the moment the order to retreat was given, Fu Jian"s troops were utterly routed and could by no means be controlled. Taking advantage of this favorable situation, the Jin army crossed the river, pursuing and attacking the enemy. The trooops of Fu Jian"s army threw away everything in headlong flight, and the field was littered with the corpses of the soldiers of Fu Jian"s army. Fu Rong was killed in the tangled fighting, and Fu Jian was hit by an arrow and ran away. The Jin army won a brilliant victory by defeating a big army with its limited armed forces.
This story comes from "The Life of Fu Jian" in the volume "Records" of The History of the Jin Dynasty. The set phrase "every bush and tree looks like an enemy" is subsequently used to refer to a state of extreme nervousness.
东晋时代，秦王苻坚控制了北部中国。公元383年，苻坚率领步兵、骑兵90万，攻打江南的晋朝。晋军大将谢石、谢玄领兵8万前去抵抗。苻坚得知晋军兵力不足，就想以多胜少，抓住机会，迅速出击。
谁料，苻坚的先锋部队25万在寿春一带被晋军出奇击败，损失惨重，大将被杀，士兵死伤万余。秦军的锐气大挫，军心动摇，士兵惊恐万状，纷纷逃跑。此时，苻坚在寿春城上望见晋军队伍严整，士气高昂，再北望八公山，只见山上一草一木都像晋军的士兵一样。苻坚回过头对弟弟说：“这是多么强大的敌人啊!怎么能说晋军兵力不足呢?”他后悔自己过于轻敌了。
出师不利给苻坚心头蒙上了不祥的阴影，他令部队靠淝水北岸布阵，企图凭借地理优势扭转战局。这时晋军将领谢玄提出要求，要秦军稍往后退，让出一点地方，以便渡河作战。苻坚暗笑晋军将领不懂作战常识，想利用晋军忙于渡河难于作战之机，给它来个突然袭击，于是欣然接受了晋军的请求。
谁知，后退的军令一下，秦军如潮水一般溃不成军，而晋军则趁势渡河追击，把秦军杀得丢盔弃甲，尸横遍地。苻坚中箭而逃。
故事出自《晋书·苻坚·载记》。成语“草木皆兵”，形容神经过敏、疑神疑鬼的惊恐心理。
成语励志故事英文版：鸡鸣狗盗
During the Warring States period(475-221B.C.),Prince Mengchang of the State of Qi was fond of having various kinds of people as his hangers-on,the number of whom was said to have amounted to three thousand.Never refusing anyone who came to hime,he let the talented people do what they could and also offered food and lodging to the mediocre.Once,followed by his hangers-on,Prince Mengchang was sent on a diplomatic mission to the State of Qin.Attermpting to make him prime minister of the state of Qin,King Zhao of the State of Qin kept hime from leaving. Not daring to offend the king,Prince Mengchang stay here.He is a person of royal lineage,and has feud and family back in the State of Qi,How could he serve the State of Qin heart and soul?"The king thought it plausible,and changed his mind.He put Prince Mengchang and his hangers-on under house arrest,waiting to find an excuse to kill them.The king had an imperial concubine on whom he doted most,and he never refused her anything,Prince Mengchang sent a man to her for help.The concubine promised to help if she could have the unique white fox fur coat of the State of Qi as her reward.Prince Mengchang was troubled,for he had already given it to the king of the State of Oin as a gift when he arrived here.Just then,one of the hangers-on said,"I can manage to get it ."H " He left immediately.It turned out that this man was a skilled burglar who used to enter horses through the hole for dogs in the wall.He made an investigation first,and learned that the king was too fond of the fox fur coat to wear it and that the coat was kept in the choice storeroom in the palace.Eluding the patrol,he found his way easily in the moonlight into the storeroom and got the fur coat out.Seeing the coat,the concubine was extremely pleased,She tried every means to talk the king into giving up the idea of killing Prince Mengchang.The king also planned to give a farewell dinner to Prince Mengchang two days later before sending him back to the State of Qi..But Prince Mengchang did not dare to wait two more days.Mounting the horses,he and his men sped stealthily eastward that very night.It was just midnight when they arrived at the Hangu Pass(in today"s Lingbao County in Henan Province,which was the east gate of the State of Qin).According to the laws of the State of Qin,the gate of the pass should not be opened until cocks crew in the morning.But how could they crow at midnight?They were very much worried when they heard a cock crowing.Immediately all the cocks inside and outside the pass followed the cock in crowing.It turned out that one other hanger-on could imitate the cock"s crow very well,and the first crow was actually his imitation.The guards of the pass felt it very strange to have heard the cocks" crow before they could hardly have had enough sleep.Nevertheless,they had to open the gate of the pass and let them go.At dawn,the king of the State of Qin learned that Prince Mengchang and his men had escaped.He immediately sent his troops to chase them.When the troops arrived.He immediately sent his troops to chase them.When the troops arrived at the Hangu Pass ,they had gone for a long time.With the help of those people who knew small tricks such as crowing like a cock and snatching like a dog,Prince Mengchang finally got back to the State of Qi.This story appears in"The Life of Prince Mengchang" in the Historical Records written by Sima Qian.Later,the set phrase"crowing like a cock and snatching like a dog" is used to refer to small tricks or people who know small tricks.
战国时候，齐国的孟尝君喜欢招纳各种人做门客，号称宾客三千。他对宾客是来者不拒，有才能的让他们各尽其能，没有才能的也提供食宿。
有一次，孟尝君率领众宾客出使秦国。秦昭王将他留下，想让他当相国。孟尝君不敢得罪秦昭王，只好留下来。不久，大臣们劝秦王说：“留下孟尝君对秦国是不利的，他出身王族，在齐国有封地，有家人，怎么会真心为秦国办事呢?”秦昭王觉得有理，便改变了主意，把孟尝君和他的手下人软禁起来，只等找个借口杀掉。
泰昭王有个最受宠爱的妃子，只要妃子说一，昭王绝不说二。孟尝君派人去求她救助。妃子答应了，条件是拿齐国那一件天下无双的狐白裘(用白色狐腋的皮毛做成的皮衣)做报酬。这可叫孟尝君作难了，因为刚到秦国，他便把这件狐白裘献给了秦昭王。就在这时候，有一个门说：“我能把狐白裘找来!”说完就走了。
原来这个门客最善于钻狗洞偷东西。他先摸清情况，知道昭王特别喜爱那件狐裘，一时舍不得穿，放在宫中的精品贮藏室里。他便借着月光，逃过巡逻人的眼睛，轻易地钻进贮藏室把狐裘偷出来。妃子见到狐白裘高兴极了，想方设法说服秦昭王放弃了杀孟尝君的念头，并准备过两天为他饯行，送他回齐国。
孟尝君可不敢再等过两天，立即率领手下人连夜偷偷骑马向东快奔。到了函谷关(在现在河南省灵宝县，当时是秦国的东大门)正是半夜。按秦国法规，函谷关每天鸡叫才开门，半夜时候，鸡可怎么能叫呢?大家正犯愁时，只听见几声“喔，喔，喔”的雄鸡啼鸣，接着，城关外的雄鸡都打鸣了。原来，孟尝君的另一个门客会学鸡叫，而鸡是只要听到第一声啼叫就立刻会跟着叫起来的。怎么还没睡蹭实鸡就叫了呢?守关的士兵虽然觉得奇怪，但也只得起来打开关门，放他们出去。
天亮了，秦昭王得知孟尝君一行已经逃走，立刻派出人马追赶。追到函谷关，人家已经出关多时了。
孟尝君靠着鸡鸣狗盗之士逃回了齐国。
故事出自《史记·孟尝君列传》。成语“鸡呜狗盗”比喻卑下的技能或具有这种技能的人。
成语励志故事英文版：高山流水
During the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476B.C.).there was a man whose name was Yu Boya.Yu boya famous music master at that time, having a good command of the temperament and superb skills in playing the musical instrument.He was bright and eager to learn when he was young.He had formally acknowledged several experts as his teachers,and his skills in playing the musical instrument had already reached a fairly high level.But he still felt that he could not superbly express the various things which had deeply impressed him.Knowing what was in his mind,his teacher took him to the penglai Island,a fabled abode of immortals,on the East China Sea by boat.On the island,his teacher let him enjoy the natural scenarios and listen to the roaring of the great waves.looking into the distance,Boya saw that the waves were turbulent and that the white breakers leapt skywards.Sea birds were circling in the air,and their crying was very pleasant to the ear.Trees were green and intriguing feeling welled up in his mind,as if he had heard the harmonious and charming music of nature.He couldn"t help taking his musical instrument and playing it .He followed his inclinations while he was playing,and incorporated the beautiful nature with his music,thus reaching a realm of thought he had never experienced before.Seeing this,the teacher said to hime,""You have mastered the art of playing."
Once,on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month,he was boating for sight-seeing.The moon was bright and a cool breeze was blowing gently.With myriads of thoughts welling up in his mind,he began to play the musical instrument.The melodious music became more and more beautiful when a man on the bank shouted "bravo!"Hearing the shouting,Boya came out of the boat,and saw a woodcutter standing on the bank.He knew that this man was keenly appreciative of his talents,because he understood his music.He immediately invited the woodcutter to his boat and ,full of zest,he played the musical instrument for him.When Boya played a piece of music eulogizing the high mountains,the woodcutter said,"wonderful!The melody is as magnificent and dignified as Mount Tai which reaches to the sky!"When he played a piece of music depicting the turbulent waves,the woodcutter said,"Wonderful!The melody is as vast and mighty as the great rivers!"Boya was excited,and siad,"Bosom friend!You are really my bosom friend!"That woodcutter was Zhong Ziqi.Since then,they had been very good friends.
This story appears in The Works of Lie Zi.From this story,people havederived the set phrase"high mountain and running water" to refer to understanding and appreciative friends.This set phrase is also used to refer to melodious music.
春秋时代，有个叫俞伯牙的人，精通音律，琴艺高超，是当时著名的琴师。俞伯牙年轻的时候聪颖好学，曾拜高人为师，琴技达到水平，但他总觉得自己还不能出神入化地表现对各种事物的感受。伯牙的老师知道他的想法后，就带他乘船到东海的蓬莱岛上，让他欣赏大自然的景色，倾听大海的波涛声。伯牙举目眺望，只见波浪汹涌，浪花激溅;海鸟翻飞，鸣声入耳;山林树木，郁郁葱葱，如入仙境一般。一种奇妙的感觉油然而生，耳边仿佛咯起了大自然那和谐动听的音乐。他情不自禁地取琴弹奏，音随意转，把大自然的美妙融进了琴声，伯牙体验到一种前所未有的境界。老师告诉他：“你已经学了。”
一夜伯牙乘船游览。面对清风明月，他思绪万千，于是又弹起琴来，琴声悠扬，渐入佳境。忽听岸上有人叫绝。伯牙闻声走出船来，只见一个樵夫站在岸边，他知道此人是知音当即请樵夫上船，兴致勃勃地为他演奏。伯牙弹起赞美高山的曲调，樵夫说道：“真好!雄伟而庄重，好像高耸入云的泰山一样!”当他弹奏表现奔腾澎湃的波涛时，樵夫又说：“真好!宽广浩荡，好像看见滚滚的流水，无边的大海一般!”伯牙兴奋色了，激动地说：“知音!你真是我的知音。”这个樵夫就是钟子期。从此二人成了非常要好的朋友。
故事出自《列子·汤问》。成语“高山流水”，比喻知己或知音，也比喻音乐优美。
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