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Over the years, Americans have become used to salt．Most peop

2020-10-06 

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Over the years, Americans have become used to salt．Most people have no idea how much salt they consume-on average, about 9 to 12 gram per person per day, according to the American Heart Association．That"s twice the amount recommended by the government．
A new study last week showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart．The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes（中风）, four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease．
Researchers also found that the benefits would be greatest for African Americans and women．As a group, African Americans tend to have higher blood pressure than the general population, and "many studies suggest that they may be more sensitive to salt," says Dr.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an epidemiologist（流行病学家）at the University of California, San Francisco．Her analysis found that a reduction of 3 gram of salt per day would reduce heart attacks 8% on average; among African Americans, that rate would drop 10%．A similar result was found in women, whose stroke risk dropped 8% with a 3-g reduction in salt intake; in men, the risk fell 5%．
They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt．
However, other scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people．
Michael Alderman, a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure．But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes．
“Salt has other biological effects． Calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, as well as harmful results． There is not enough evidence either way,”said Michael Alderman．
小题1:Eating too much salt may lead to the following EXCEPT ．A．strokeB．heart diseaseC．high blood pressure D．lung cancer小题2:What can we learn from the passage?A．Most Americans take more salt than advised．B．African women eat more salt than Americans．C．One"s origin determines how much salt he can eat．D．Good health is just on the basis of having less salt．小题3:The author"s attitude toward the study is ．A．coldB．objectiveC．subjectiveD．doubtful小题4:What"s the best title of the passage?A．The Benefits of Eating Less Salt．B．A New Study on Salt and Diseases．C．An Argument Over Salt and Health．D．The Harm Caused by Too Much Salt． 参考答案：
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:C
试题分析：本文论述了美国人的摄盐量的多少与健康之间的关系，作者在本文客观的叙述了两种不同的观点，一是摄盐量太多可能给人们的健康带来一些问题，引起中风及心脏病等，所以有些人就提倡少吃盐。而另一观点认为如果摄盐量控制的太低，人们容易得血压低，他们说研究并没有表明少吃盐能够降低心脏病和中风的机率。
小题1:细节理解题。根据The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes（中风）, four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease．故选D。
小题2:细节理解题。根据That"s twice the amount recommended by the government．大多数美国人的摄盐量多于政府建议的量, 故选A。
小题3:观点态度题。cold 冷谈的； objective客观的； subjective 主观的； doubtful怀疑的。根据全文的内容作者只是客观地介绍了美国人吃盐的相关信息，故选B。
小题4:标题归纳题。根据全文的内容本文主要介绍了盐与健康的关系的两种不同的观点，故选C。
点评：态度题是英语阅读中的一种重要题型，主要考查对文章中作者态度的辨别。作者态度大致分为两种：(1)支持或赞同;(2)中立或客观;(3)怀疑、批评或反对。题干中有attitude或think,believe，deem，consider，regard等词汇，选项中是一些表示态度的名词或形容词。可以反映作者观点的动词、形容词等。不要把自己的态度揉入其中，还要注意区分考查是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度。当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的语言去判断作者的态度，如，wonderfully, succesully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。

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