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It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared f

2020-10-06 

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It has been argued that an infant under three who is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents．The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar （留下疤痕） a child"s personality and incline to emotional problems in later life．Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby"s work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three, and many people do believe this．But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion．
Firstly, anthropologists （人类学家） point out that the hidden love between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies．For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngonis the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone．But traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to understand．
Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents and caretakers found that children had problems with it．But Bowlby"s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects．The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be noticed by the use of statistics．Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial．
Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children"s development．But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue．
小题1:This passage is mainly talking about________．A．children"s personalityB．advantages of infants" early careC．infants" educationD．negative effect of infant school小题2:The phrase "day care in the first paragraph probably means_____.A．nursing schoolB．baby-sitterC．boarding schoolD．primary school小题3:According to Bowlby, children under the age of three______．A．should not be sent to schoolB．should be cared for outside the homeC．will not suffer fro m parental separationD．don"t mind who will look after them小题4:The argument against Bowlby"s conclusion shows that___．A．children have problems with day careB．there is no negative effect on infants who go to school before threeC．there is a long-term effect on infants who go to school before threeD．children who are sent to school before three are sent to mental illness 参考答案：
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:B
试题分析：
小题1:C 主旨大意题。文章主要讨论的是婴儿的教育问题，婴儿是与父母在一起好，还是交给护理学校去照顾更好。文章展开了这样的一个讨论。故C正确。
小题2:A 推理题。根据第一段第五行that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three说明这里的day care是指那些护理孩子的机构，故A正确。
小题3:A 细节题。根据第一段5,6行Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby"s work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three说明A正确。
小题4:B 细节题。。根据文章最后一段2,3行they have reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on children"s development说明在三岁前把孩子送到day care也没有说明消极的影响，故B正确。
点评：文章主要讨论的是婴儿的教育问题，婴儿是与父母在一起好，还是交给护理学校去照顾更好。文章展开了这样的一个讨论。考查细节题，要求考生仔细阅读全文，做好相应的标志，以提高阅读的效率和速度。

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